While learning disorders are being diagnosed earlier and earlier 
nowadays, sometimes certain cases still slip through the cracks. This is
 unfortunate, since the sooner a problem is identified, the sooner it 
can be dealt with. However, it's always better to know that an issue 
exists than to never know, so if this is what's happened with your 
family, keep in mind that there are still plenty of treatment options 
available to your child. Of course, the first step is figuring out 
whether or not your child has a learning problem, and if so, which one. 
Below, you'll find a list of symptoms grouped by disability type: 
Dyslexia: Teenagers and adults who have yet to be diagnosed with 
dyslexia may have considerable difficulty with spelling. This may be 
demonstrated by spelling the same word multiple ways within the same 
essay. Those with dyslexia often rely heavily on phonetics when trying 
to spell a word. They may also write their letters or punctuation marks 
incorrectly (backwards, upside down, etc.) or put them in the wrong 
order. 
Dyscalculia: People who don't know that they have dyscalculia may 
still have extreme difficulty with basic mathematical principles and 
practices, such as addition and subtraction. They may have trouble 
dealing with number sequences, columns of numbers, and mathematical 
symbols. Other common signs of dyscalculia include overreliance on 
calculators and confusion with left and right. 
Dysgraphia: Those with dysgraphia have a hard time writing or 
drawing within a defined space, like a piece of lined paper. This is due
 to poor development of fine motor skills. Another symptom of dysgraphia
 is illegible handwriting, which isn't due to carelessness, but instead 
indicates a difficulty with handling a pen or a pencil. Audio and Visual
 Perception Disabilities: If your child often has to ask you to repeat 
yourself, it may be a sign that they have an audio perception problem. 
It's not that he or she isn't listening carefully enough to you, it's 
that their brain is unable to sort out which sound or tone to interpret 
first. Those with visual perception problems may transpose letters, 
punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols. Once again, this 
is an issue of sequencing malfunction in the brain, not lack of 
attention. 
Memory Disabilities: These can manifest themselves in different 
ways. One common symptom is the inability to retain information that has
 just been relayed. For example, if your child can't remember a passage 
that they have just finished reading, they may continue to reread that 
passage over and over again. This indicates a problem with short-term 
memory. Long-term memory problems may announce themselves through 
difficulties with retrieving information. For instance, if your child 
can't recall the mathematical formula that allows them to calculate the circumference of a circle, long-term memory problems are at fault. Of 
course, the two are related, since if a piece of information doesn't 
stick in your short-term memory, it won't make it to your long-term 
memory either.
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